Super Nintendo (SNES / Super Famicom) Hub

16-bit Ricoh 5A22 & S-PPU / 1CHIP workbench reference — F1 1.5A Pico fuse alert, SHVC-CPU-01 vs 1CHIP-01/02/03 & Jr. board selector, S-CPU / PPU rot fault matrix, SMD capacitor checklist, and Multi-Out RGB SCART pinouts.

F1 1.5A Pico Fuse Alert, Regional Power Jacks & Leaking SMD Capacitors

Nintendo used three completely different power input jacks and rectifiers across the Japanese Super Famicom, North American SNES, and European/UK PAL SNES! Even more importantly, 80% of "completely dead" SNES / Super Famicom consoles (no red power LED) simply have a blown green axial 1.5A 125V Littelfuse Pico II Fuse (F1) soldered on the left edge of the motherboard next to the 7805 regulator — often blown by unplugging the DC power cord while the main power switch was still ON or before discharging the main filter capacitor!

1 Regional Power Input Matrix

Region / ModelJack SizeRequired Input
Super Famicom (SHVC-001 JP)5.5×2.1mm Barrel9V–10V DC Centre-NEGATIVE (⊖) @ 850mA (NO bridge rectifier!)
US SNES (SNS-001 / SNS-101)Proprietary 7.0×1.0mm Center-Pin10V DC Centre-NEGATIVE (⊖) @ 850mA (Brittle plastic barrel cracks!)
PAL SNES (SNSP-001A UK/EU)5.5×2.5mm Barrel (w/ Inner Pin)9V–9.8V AC (1.3A) or 9–12V DC Any Polarity (has internal bridge rectifier!)

2 F1 1.5A Pico Fuse & 7805 Upgrade

  • Always Discharge Before Working Inside: Turn the SNES power switch ON for 3 seconds AFTER unplugging the power brick so the red LED flashes once and drains the main smoothing capacitor before you remove the metal shield!
  • Testing Fuse F1: Set your multimeter to continuity/ohms across the small green resistor-shaped component labeled F1 (SOC 1.5A) at the rear-left of the PCB. If open-circuit, replace with a 1.5A 125V Littelfuse Pico II (or clip-in fuse holder).
  • 7805 Voltage Drop & White Vertical Line: Replacing the worn 7805 (1A) with a 78S05 (2A) and soldering a 470 µF 10V or 22 µF MLCC across the 7805 output/GND pins eliminates the faint white vertical bar down the middle of the screen!

3 SMD Capacitor Recap Checklist

  • Early SHVC-CPU-01, SNS-CPU-GPM-01/02, and SNS-CPU-RGB-01 boards use 8 to 11 surface-mount aluminium electrolytic capacitors that leak fishy electrolyte onto the video DAC and audio traces.
  • Critical Caps: C57, C58 (10 µF 16V Bipolar or tantalum audio coupling), C59 (100 µF 6.3V Video coupling — causes dark/rolling picture when dry!), and the 33 µF / 47 µF rail caps.
  • SHVC-SOUND Module: On 1990–91 consoles with the removable metal audio box, three SMD caps (10 µF & 47 µF) inside the module leak and mute one or both stereo channels!

Architectural Summary & Motherboard Generations

From 1990 2-PPU + Separate Sony Sound Module boards to 1995 S-CPUN 1CHIP and SNS-101 Jr. revisions

Main CPU (S-CPU) Ricoh 5A22 (WDC 65C816 16-bit core @ 3.58 / 2.68 / 1.79 MHz) + 8-ch General/H-Blank DMA, hardware 8×8 multiply / 16÷8 divide & auto-joypad read
Graphics (S-PPU1 & S-PPU2) 5C77 (S-PPU1 Tile/Sprite Address Gen) + 5C78 (S-PPU2 Color Math, Mode 7 Affine Matrix & DAC) — 256/512×224/448, 32,768 colour palette (256 simultaneous)
Audio (S-SMP + S-DSP) Sony SPC700 8-bit CPU (1.024 MHz) + Sony S-DSP 16-bit 8-voice BRR ADPCM sample processor @ 32 kHz with Gaussian interpolation & FIR echo filter
Memory & Cartridge 128 KB Work RAM (S-WRAM) + 64 KB Video RAM (2×32KB SRAM) + 64 KB Audio RAM; 46+16-Pin Cartridge Slot (supports Super FX, SA-1, DSP-1, CX4 co-processors)

2-PPU Motherboards (SHVC-CPU-01, GPM-01/02, RGB-01, APU-01) 1990 – 1994 • Separate S-CPU, S-PPU1 & S-PPU2

All first- and second-generation SNES and Super Famicom motherboards use three separate surface-mount QFP custom chips for the main system: U1 S-CPU (5A22-01/02), U2 S-PPU1 (5C77-01), and U3 S-PPU2 (5C78-01/02/03). While they have slightly softer horizontal RGB pixel edges than later 1CHIP boards, they enjoy 100% software accuracy with every game (including Air Strike Patrol shadow raster effects).

  • SHVC-CPU-01 (1990–91): Features the removable shielded metal Sony SHVC-SOUND daughterboard. Note that early S-CPU 5A22-01 chips have a known DMA controller silicon bug and higher failure rate than 5A22-02!
  • SNS-CPU-GPM-01 / GPM-02 (1992–93): Integrates the Sony SPC700 and S-DSP directly onto the main PCB and upgrades to S-CPU A (5A22-02).
  • SNS-CPU-RGB-01 & APU-01 (1994): Combines the Sony SPC700 and S-DSP into a single S-APU QFP chip and replaces the BA6592F video encoder with the S-RGB (BA6595F) encoder.

Super CIC & 50Hz / 60Hz PAL Switchless Mod

  • PAL SNES 50Hz Lockout: On a PAL SNES (SNSP-CPU-01 / 02), lifting Pin 24 of S-PPU1 and Pin 30 of S-PPU2 from their grounded PCB pads and toggling them between GND (60Hz NTSC) and +5V (50Hz PAL) switches the video refresh rate!
  • Lockout Chip (F411 / F413 CIC): Lifting Pin 4 of the 18-pin F411/F413 CIC chip disables the regional lockout on older games, while installing an open-source SuperCIC PIC16F630 unlocks 100% of SA-1 and S-DD1 titles (Super Mario RPG, Kirby Super Star, Star Ocean).

Diagnostic Flowcharts & S-CPU / S-PPU1 / S-PPU2 Fault Matrix

Isolating power/reset failures vs. the infamous early-1990s SHVC custom silicon degradation ("Chip Rot")

⚠

1. Completely Dead — Red Power LED Does Not Light

Symptom: Switching the console ON produces no red LED and 0.00V on the motherboard +5V rail.

Diagnostic Decision Tree

  1. Test Fuse F1 (1.5A Pico II): Measure continuity across the green axial fuse F1 next to the 7805 regulator. If open, check that the 7805 output pin isn't shorted to GND, then replace F1 with a 1.5A 125V Pico fuse.
  2. Inspect US SNS-001 Rear DC Jack: On North American consoles, the plastic cylinder inside the rear power socket breaks off, causing the two metal contacts to lose tension or touch. Replace the rear power jack block.
  3. Verify 7805 Regulator Input/Output: Confirm +9V to +13V DC on 7805 Pin 1 (Input) and +4.95V to +5.05V DC on Pin 3 (Output) when the power switch is ON.
⚡

2. Black Screen on All Cartridges (Red Power LED Lights Up)

Symptom: Red LED lights up and TV detects a black video sync signal, but no game boots or plays sound.

Diagnostic Decision Tree

  1. Clean & Inspect the 62-Pin Cartridge Connector: Unlike the NES, early SHVC-CPU-01 boards have a removable press-fit 62-pin cartridge slot block! Unplug it, clean both upper and lower connectors with DeoxIT D5, and inspect for bent pins.
  2. Check 21.47727 MHz Master Clock & /RESET (U10 Reset IC): Verify a clean 21.47 MHz clock entering S-CPU Pin 90 and confirm /RESET rises to +5V after power-on.
  3. SHVC-SOUND Module Seating (1990–91 Boards): On SHVC-CPU-01 boards, if the removable metal sound box is unplugged or its 24-pin header has cold solder joints, every SNES game will hang on a black screen waiting for the SPC700 audio handshake at $2140!
🔍

3. S-CPU vs. S-PPU1 vs. S-PPU2 vs. WRAM/VRAM Fault Isolation Matrix ("SNES Chip Rot")

When an early SHVC-CPU-01 or GPM-01 boots the official SNES Burn-In Test Cartridge ROM (on an FXPAK Pro / SD2SNES) or shows graphical/gameplay corruption, use this symptom table to identify which QFP IC has failed before desoldering:

Suspect Chip Classic Game / Visual / Functional Symptoms Burn-In Test ROM Result & Bench Fix
S-CPU (5A22-01)
U1 • QFP-100
Games boot title screen and play music, then crash when starting gameplay; sprites vanish or warp across the screen (broken DMA/HDMA); character walks in one direction uncontrollably (broken internal auto-joypad read); math errors in Mode 7 / RPG damage calculation. Fails DMA, HDMA, Multiply/Divide, or Joypad tests. Replace early S-CPU 5A22-01 with a donor S-CPU A (5A22-02) or S-CPU B using hot air + flux.
S-PPU1 (5C77-01)
U2 • QFP-100
Missing or scrambled sprite layers while background HUD text is legible; broken Mode 7 scaling/rotation (F-Zero, Super Mario Kart track is garbled blocks while sky/music work); vertical jailbar slices through tiles. Fails OBJ (Sprite) or Mode 7 / BG rendering tests while VRAM chips test OK. Replace S-PPU1 (5C77-01) from donor board.
S-PPU2 (5C78-01/03)
U3 • QFP-100
Wrong palette colours, missing transparency/colour-math effects (ghosts in Super Mario World or water in Donkey Kong Country are solid black/opaque), or screen rolls/loses sync. Fails Color Math / Window / Palette CGRAM tests. Inspect QFP pins for corrosion, or replace S-PPU2 (5C78).
VRAM (U4 / U5)
2× 32KB SRAM
Consistent repeating vertical lines or corrupted characters across all backgrounds and sprites (U4 = Low Byte VRAM, U5 = High Byte VRAM). Burn-In Test ROM flags VRAM LOW or VRAM HIGH FAIL. Replace the failed 28-pin SOP 32KB SRAM (LH52256 / TC55257).

Dedicated SNES / Super Famicom Connector Pinouts

Bi-directional connector reference pages with interactive SVG diagrams and NTSC vs PAL RGB SCART schematics

1. Nintendo 12-Pin Multi-Out A/V Connector (NTSC vs PAL RGB SCART) →

Complete 12-pin Multi-Out diagram covering Analog RGB (Pins 1, 2, 4), S-Video Y/C (Pins 7, 8), Composite (Pin 9), Stereo Audio (Pins 11, 12), and the critical NTSC Pin 3 CSYNC vs. PAL Pin 3 +12V warning!

Open Multi-Out Pinout →

2. SNES / Super Famicom 7-Pin Controller & Mouse Port →

7-pin single-row keyed connector pinout, 16-bit dual-4021 shift register bit order (B, Y, Select, Start, D-Pad, A, X, L, R), SNES Mouse ID bits, and official Nintendo wire colour warning.

Open Controller Pinout →
Nintendo 16-Bit 1990 · 16-Bit Consoles

Super Nintendo (SNES / SFC) — Unified Workbench Reference

SHVC-CPU-01 vs 1CHIP-01/02/03 & Jr. selector, 1.5A Pico fuse F1 dead-power fix, SMD recap guide, S-CPU/PPU rot matrix, and Multi-Out RGB SCART.

CPU / Architecture Ricoh 5A22 (65C816) @ 3.58 MHz
Memory (RAM / VRAM) 128 KB WRAM + 64 KB VRAM + 64 KB ARAM
Capacitor Mount SMD Electrolytic
Custom Chipset & Key ICs
Ricoh 5A22 CPU S-PPU1 / S-PPU2 1CHIP S-CPUN Sony SPC700 S-DSP Pico Fuse F1
Capacitor & Power Stage Reference

Super Nintendo (SNES) — Capacitor & Recap Reference

Board revisions, electrolytic capacitor lists, voltage/farad ratings, and SMD Electrolytic servicing notes.

Super Nintendo (SNES) — Printable Board Recap & Capacitor BOM ReferenceFormat this system's capacitor replacement list, diagnostic flowchart, and IC pinouts into a high-contrast bench PDF.

Super Nintendo (SNES / Super Famicom) — SHVC-CPU-01, SNS-CPU-GPM-02 & SNS-CPU-1CHIP-01/02/03

16-Bit 5A22 + S-PPU1/PPU2 & 1CHIP S-CPUN mainboards • Mount: SMD Electrolytic (+ 1 Axial/Radial bulk cap) • Difficulty: Intermediate (SMD rework)

Full Printable Recap Sheet →

SNES / Super Famicom Mainboard (SHVC-CPU-01 / GPM-02) (10 Capacitors)

Ref Capacitance Voltage Package / Type Circuit Location & Bench Notes
C57 10 uF 25 V SMD
C58 10 uF 25 V SMD
C59 220 uF 6.3 V SMD Often paired in parallel with C60 (two 220 uF = 440 uF total). Dried C59/C60 causes dark/rolling video.
C60 220 uF 6.3 V SMD
C61 10 uF 25 V SMD
C62 10 uF 25 V SMD
C63 47 uF 16 V SMD
C65 33 uF 25 V SMD
C66 33 uF 25 V SMD
C67 1000 uF 25 V Axial / Radial
Printable Diagnostic Flowchart & Voltage CheckpointsFormat this step-by-step fault isolation tree into a high-contrast bench reference sheet.
Interactive Pinouts, Visualizers & Disassemblers

Super Nintendo (SNES) — System Bench Tools & IC Pinouts

Click any chip below to open its interactive DIP/PLCC pinout diagram, pin-by-pin signal table, and oscilloscope test waveforms.

Super Nintendo (SNES) — Printable IC Pinout & Chipset SummaryPrint this system's custom IC pinout summary or open any chip card below for its full DIP/PLCC pinout sheet.
Source: https://smiggy.com/snes | Free Hardware Reference & Diagnosticssmiggy.com — Martin “Smiggy” Smith

Theme Palette

Default Dark
High-contrast dark
Amber Terminal
Monochrome amber
Matrix CRT
Phosphor green
Workbench Light
Clean light mode

Audio & Display

Relay Click Sounds Web Audio API — soft mechanical clicks
CRT Scanline & Flicker Pure CSS overlay effect

System Info

Customization Panel Theme preference, audio FX, and CRT overlay settings are saved to your browser's localStorage and persist between visits. No cookies or server-side storage is used.
Keyboard Shortcuts Press Esc to close this panel. Use the header moon/sun icon to cycle themes.